Lymphovascular Invasion – Synonymous Terms
There is no shortage on synonymous terminology in the medical record. Knowing whether to accession a case, or how to code the extent of disease, in a case that is laced with synonymous or ambiguous terms can be daunting to say the least! Fortunately, there are standard-setting agencies guidelines to help the Cancer Registrar make the right determination and assign proper codes to the case abstract.
Recently a query was posted to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) SINQ inquiry system (SINQ #20210036) that caught our eye. Paraphrased, the question was: are lymphovascular invasion and lymphovascular space invasion the same term or do they describe something different? Great question!
So we went to our favorite pathology dictionary and looked it up. There we learned that lymphovascular invasion, or LVI, is the term given to the movement of cancer cells into either a blood or lymphatic vessel. Once the cancer cells make their move they have the ability to spread to other parts of the body. Cancer Registrars know this movement to another part of the body to be called metastasis.
Lymphovascular invasion is an important prognostic indicator that pathologists may see in the tissue sample. Pathology reports stating the specimen is positive for lymphovascular invasion mean that it was seen in the tissue examined and conversely, if stated as being negative it means it was not seen.
You will be happy to know that according to SEER, the two terms, lymphovascular invasion or lymphovascular space invasion are synonmous with one another.
Now, just in case you’re interested in what the pathologist sees when he/she finds lymphovascular invasion, we found an example from specimen slide on the UCDavis Department of Pathology website. In the graphic below you can clearly see the malignant cells (small dark circles or dots) spilling out of the lymphatic space (white) and into the surrounding tissue.
So now you know the difference between the two terms!